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Monday, June 2, 2008

Tooth Whitening Cosmetic Dentistry Methodology

Tooth bleaching is popularly known as tooth whitening This is a very popular concept in the field of dentistry and specially in the field of cosmetic dentistry Today more and more people suffer from diseases related to teeth. People consider smile to be an attractive feature and white teeth are always desired.

Tooth Whitening involves some easy processes which are required to be followed. Teeth whitening involves the use of several oxidizing agents, that are used to lighten the shade of teeth. The most popular oxidizing agents that are used in the whitening of teeth are hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide. The oxidizing agent usually penetrated the rod like crystal structure of enamel that does the work of removal of different stain agents from the teeth.
This process of teeth whitening usually lasts for a period of seven to eight years. However, there are certain factors that are associated with this time span. In case of non smokers and non drinkers this is the usual time, but not with smokers and drinkers. Those who are not happy with this method to whitening of their teeth can adopt another method which is not much scientific as this method.
Mouth guard is also used as an alternative method of teeth whitening. In this method a strip is used as an oxidizing agent . This kind of whitening of teeth lasts for a shorter period of five to fourteen days. Though in this process the effect of teeth whitening is shorter, this is less risky than the former one. In this method, much less damage is done to the soft tissues of he mouth.
Teeth Whitening has many side effects too. If the mixture used in the whitening of the teeth is of high concentration, it may result in chemical burns of the mouth. This causes discolor of the mucous membrane of the mouth. Teeth often become sensitive due to over bleaching. In the recent years there is another issue that is associated with the bleaching of teeth, which is referred to the rebounding effect of the teeth. It has been observed in the recent years that up to thirty per cent of the whitening effect is lost in a period of thirty days.There is also a new concept in teeth whitening that is referred to as internal bleaching. In this process different procedures are performed so as to devitalize the teeth. However, this method is not much ethical, as it causes staining of the tooth structure by blood and other kinds of fluids.Wikipedia

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Medical Corps The Physicians Of The Army

Medical Corps is one of the six segments of the Army Medical Department (AMEDD) of the US Army. Though the AMEDD consists of both officers and enlisted, the Medical Corps consists entirely of officers. The members of Corps are all Army physicians, including the holders of Doctor of Medicine and Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine degrees. The Corp is headed by a Lieutenant General and it works at all echelons of the Army around the world.

A physician in the Army Medical Corps works alongside totally committed professionals. The Corps doctors are incorporated into one of the most modern medical establishments of the world. The physician is also an officer. So training is imparted to make him a leader and he gets the opportunity to be a part of the discovery and research in the field of medicine. Moreover, the doctor gets to continue his education through continuing education courses, seminars and conferences. The physician has the choice to serve as a full time officer on Active Duty or maintain a private practice and serve part time in the Army Reserve.

Army Medical Corps provides financial assistance to the prospective physicians. The Financial benefits include Financial Assistance Programme which is available to qualified medical residents based on the needs of the army. The annual grant stands at $28,000 and a monthly stipend of $1,600. The medic is appointed as a Captain in the Army Medical Corps and has the obligation for active duty is 2 years. There are various pay incentives like Special pay incentive, Variable Special Pay, Board Certification Pay, Incentive Special Pay, Multilayer Special Pay and other Special Pay Benefits as a commissioned officer in the army. Army Medical Corps also offers scholarships to continue studies.

The Army Medical Corps also provides assistance to members of the Army Reserve Medical Corps officers. The benefits include Specialized Training Assistance Program and Health Care Special Pay. The educational benefits include Reserve Health Professional Loan Repayment Program. However, to get full benefits the officer must serve in the Reserve Troop Program Unit (TPU) or in the Individual Mobilization Augmentee (IMA) Program.

As an Active Duty physician in the Medical Corps, the physician gets the opportunity to specialize in various fields of medicine. He can become a Cardiologist, Dermatologist, Endocrinologist, General surgeon, Neurosurgeon, Urologist, Allergist, Child Neurologist, Nuclear Medicine Physician, Occupational Medicine Physician or any other specialist known in the medical world.

To qualify as an officer in the Army Medical Corps the person must
· Meet the prescribed medical and moral standards for appointment as a commissioned officer
· Be a United States citizen
· Be a graduate of American Medical Association (AMA) or American Osteopathic Association (AOA)
· Have a current unrestricted medical practitioners license for United states, District of Columbia, Puerto Rico or any territory of United States
· Be 21 – 46 years of age. Wikipedia

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Medical Health Insurance A Social Necessity

Medical Health Insurance is a type of insurance where the insurer pays the medical costs of the insured in case of sickness or accident as per the terms of agreement between the two. These insurers may be private organizations or government organizations.

The concept of medical health insurance was proposed by Hugh Chamberlain in 1694. In the earlier system during the 19th century, the insurance only covered emergency care in injuries leading to disability. In fact the model continued well into the 20th century. Nowadays almost all the comprehensive private health insurance programs cover cost of routine, preventive and emergency health care procedures and most of the prescription drugs.

The medical health insurance policy is usually an annually renewable contract between an insurance company and an individual. Usually there is a limit of what the insurance company pays during the lifetime of the insured or in a single year. In case of a claim there are also options for co-payment where the insured pays out of pocket a part of the bill.

In USA, there are prescription drug plans offered through many employers’ benefit plans where the patient pays a part of the bill and the insurance company the rest.
The insurance companies pay according to the ‘reasonable’ and ‘customary’ charges. So some healthcare providers agree on medical health insurance schemes only when the patient undertakes to pay the difference between the actual bill and the amount paid by the insurer.

The medical health insurance companies encourage healthy living by providing incentives for such things as quitting smoking, losing weight, etc. The insured value usually increases in such incentives and helps in reducing the out-of-pocket costs. However, to reap the benefits of such incentives the insured must continue to renew the policy for every term without any break.

The cost of medical health insurance is increasing as people in developing countries are gaining a longer life-span. Moreover, the more and more inclination to a less than healthy lifestyle by the people is another factor of increasing medical health insurance costs.

According to the latest US Census figures, an estimated 85% Americans have medical health insurance. Of those who do not have such insurance are mostly young people who are healthy and do not find such insurances viable. Most of these people also come from house holds having income of over $50,000 and many are eligible for public health insurance schemes.

United States has a medical health insurance program, Medicaid, since 1972 for the individuals and families having low income and resources. But due to rising administrative costs many physicians are opting out of Medicaid.

President Bush signed The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 into law which allows relatively healthy individuals to save money in tax-deductible Health Savings Accounts were an individual can save money for own healthcare expenses for very low premiums rather than paying to the insurance companies. They are un-taxed and penalised only in case of non-medical expenditure. Wikipedia

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